108 Martyrs
LEST WE FORGET!
We all know about Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev who died in the gallows for our freedom. Here is a list of lesser known 108 martyrs who were executed by the British or died in custody due to police brutality for their participation in the Freedom Struggle.
This is obviously a partial list and it doesn't include well-known martyrs.
1. Vasudev Balvant Phadke: He tried to organise a National revolt against the British: Deported to Aden and kept in Aden Jail under inhuman condition. He resorted to hunger strike as a protest against ill treatment of the Jail Authority and died on Feb. 17, 1883.
2-4. Senapati Tikendrajit Singh, Manipur. General Thengal, Manipur, Agnes Sena (Younger brother of General Thengal), Manipur. They revolted against British and were executed on August 13, 1891.
5. Damodar Hari Chapekar, Maharashtra. Executed in Yerawda Central Jail or, April 18, 1898 on a charge of killing Mr Rand, Plague Commissioner and another army officer.
6-7. Basudeo Hari Chapekar, and Mahadeo Ranade, Maharashtra were executed in Yerawada Central Jail on May 8, 1899 and May 10, 1899 respectively for murder of an informer.
8. Balkrishna Chapekar. Executed in Yerawda Central Jail on May 12, 1899 for planning the killing Mr. Rand, Plague Commissioner, Poona.
9. Khudiram Bose,was executed in Muzaffarpur Jail (Bihar) on August 11, 1908 for committing murder of two British women on mistaken identity.
10. Kanailal Datt, West Bengal Executed in Old Alipore Jail on Nov. 10, 1908 for shooting dead approver Narendra Goswami inside jail.
11. Satyendranath Bose, West Bengal. Exeouted in Old Alipore Jail on Nov. 21, 1908 for shooting dead approver Narendra Goswami inside jail.
12. Charu Charan Bose. Khulna (now in Bangladesh) Executed on March 19, 1909 in Old Alipore Jail for shooting dead Ashu Biswas, Public Prosecutor of Alipore Bomb case inside Jorabagan Court premises.
13. Madanlal Dhingra. Punjab. He shot and killed William Curzon Wyllie, Political A.D.C. to the Secretary of State. He was executed on August 17, 1909 in Pentonville, London.
14. Birendranath Datta Gupta, Dacca (now in Bangladesh). He shot dead D.S.P. Shamsul Alam in Calcutta High Court premises. ..He was executed on Feb. 21, 1910 in Old Alipore Jail.
15-17. Aranta Laxman Kanhere, Krishna Gopal Kanre and Vinayak Narayan Deshpande. They were executed in Thane Jail on April 19,1910 for killing D.M. Jackson who convicted Ganesh Damodar Savarkar to transportation in Nasik Conspiracy case.
18 Kashiram, Executed in Ferozpore Jail, Punjab, on March 27, 1915 in connection with preparation for All India armed uprising.
19-22. Amirchand.; Balmokand, Punjab: Abad Behari (Oudh) ; Basanta Biswas, Nadia, West Bengal. All the four were sentenced to death in Delhi Conspiracy case in which the principal accused Rashbehari Bose could not be arrested . They were executed on May 11, 1915 in the Ambala Jail.
23-29. Bakshis Singh; Bishnu Ganesh Pingley; Surain Singh, Surain Singh,; Harnam Singh of Sialkot ;Jaggat Singh and Kartar Singh, Saraba. These seven persons along with 17 others were sentenced to death in the 1st Lahore Conspiracy case set up after the failure of projected All India Armed Uprising for seizure of power on Feb. 21, 1915 under the leadership of Rashbehari Bose. They marched to gallows valiantly refusing to make any mercy petition to Govt. They were executed on Nov. 17, 1915 in Lahore Central Jail.
30-31. Niren Das Gupta.Faridpur (now in Bangladesh) and Monoranjan Sen Gupta. Faridpur . These two were participants in the well known Balasore fight on Sept. 9, 1915 along with the illustrious revolutionary leader Jatindranath Mukherjee and on being arrested were prosecuted for murder of one Rajmahanty whom they had to kill in the morning of the same day in self-defence and were sentenced to death. They were executed on Nov. 22, 1915 in the Balasore Jail (Orissa).
32. Bhan Singh. A convict of Lahore Conspiracy case who was most brutally assaulted for alleged misbehaviour with the Superintendent of Andaman Cellular Jail. He died during hunger strike.
33. Sohanlal Pathak, Amritsar. He was tried and sentenced to death for his activity in connection with preparation for a soldiers' uprising in Burma during the Ist World War. He was executed in January, 1916 in Mandalay Jail (Burma).
34-38. Her Singh Bahoowal. Hoshiarpur; Ishar Singh alias Suran Singh, Ferozepore; Ranga Singh alias Rods Singh. Jullundur; Rur Singh of Talwandi, Ferozepore and Uttam Singh, Ludhiana. They were sentenced to death in one of the supplementary Lahore Conspiracy cases following the failure of the projected countrywide armed uprising on Feb. 21, 1915. They were executed in Lahore Central Jail on June 12, 1916.
39-45. Harnam Singh; Challiaram; Narain Singh; Basswa Singh; Narinjan Singh; Bhai Balbant Singh. They were executed in Burma, between August 19 & 22, 1916 in connection with Burma Conspiracy case.
46. Sushil Lahiry, Executed in Oct., 1918 in Beneras Jail CU.P.) for killing his intimate friend Binayak Rao Kapie whom the party had given death penalty for rank defection and misappropriation of money and arms.
47. Ram Rakha, Died during hunger strike in l919 in Andaman Cellular Jail.
48-66. Abdulla alias Sukhai; Bhagwan; Bisram; Dudhai; Alicharan; Lal Mohammad; Laltu; Mahadeo; Meghu; Nazir Ali; Raghubir; Ramlagan; Ramrup; Rudali; Sahadeo;Sampat I; Sampat II; Shyam Sundar; Sitaram. They were arrested in connection with famous Chauri Chaura case during Non-co-operation movement led by Gandhiji and were executed in 1923.
67. Gopi Mohan Saha (Gopinath). Serampur,-Dist. Hooghly, West Bengal. Executed on March I, 1924 in Old Alipore Jail for shooting dead an Englishman Mr. Day mistaking him as Police Commissioner Tegart.
68-69. Ananta Hari Mitra, and Promode Ranjan Chowdhury,. They were sentenced to death for killing D.I.B. officer Bhupen Chatterjee inside the jail where they were being then detained as under trial prisoners in akhbareswar Bomb case. Executed on Sept. 28, 1926 in Alipore Central Jail .
70. Rajen Lahiri, S/o, Kshitish Mohan, Pabna (now in Bangladesh) Born June 1901. Executed on Dec. 17, 1927 in Gonda Jail (U.P.) in connection with Kakori Conspiracy case.
71. Asfsqullah Khan. Shahjahanpur ( U.P.). Executed in Faizabad Jail (U.P.) on December 19, 1927 in connection with Kakori Conspiracy case.
72. Ramprosad Bismil, Shahjahanpur (U.P.). Executed on December 19, 1927 in Gorakhpur Jail in connection with Kakori Conspiracy case.
73. Thakur Roshan Singh. Shahjahanpur (U.P.). Executed in Naini Central Jail (U.P.) in connection with Kakori Conspiracy case on Dec. 21, 1927.
74. Jatindranath Das. Calcutta. He along with ten others joined a hunger strike started by Bhagat Singh and Batukeswar Datta earlier upon a demand for recognition of better status for all political prisoners. He died inch by inch after 63 days of fasting on Sept. 13, 1929 in Lahore Brostal Jail.
75. Hari Kishan Talwar. Punjab. . He made an attempt on the life of Geoffery-deMontmorrency. Governor of Punjab when the latter was coming out of the Lahore University Hall after delivering the convocation address with a revolver shot injuring the Governor and killing a Police Officer Channan Singh. He was executed on June 9, 1931 in Mianwali Jail (now in Pakistan).
80-82. Ranabir Singh; Durga Das; Chamanlal. They were arrested in connection with Martyr Hari Kishan Talwar's case and after a supplementary trial_were sentenced to death.
83. Dinesh Gupta. , Dacca (now in Bangladesh). He was a participant along with Benoy and Badal in the historic Calcutta Writers Buildings raid (Dec. 8, 1930) when Col. Simpson, I.G. of Prisons, Bengal, was shot dead and Mr. Nelson, Judicial Secretary and some others were injured. He was executed in Alipore Central Jail on July 7, 1931.
84. Ram Krishna Biswas. Chittagong (now in Bangladesh). Born January 16, 1910. He shot dead Inspector Tarini Mukherjee at Chandpur, Comilla (now in Bangladesh) mistaking him as Craig, I.G. of Police. Executed on August 4, 1931 in Alipore Central Jail.
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85-86. Tarakeswar Sengupta. Barisal (now in Bangladesh) and Santosh Mitra, Calcutta, We. They were killed in Hijli Detention Camp (Midnapore, West Bengal) on Sept. 16, 1931 in course of an attack on the detenus by Jamuna Singh, Head Warder and his subordinates.
87. Saya San. A hero of hundred battles against the British. He was executed in Burma on Nov. 18, 1931.
88. Manoranjan Bhattacharjee. S/o Kali Prasanna, was executed on August 22, 1932 in Barisal Jail in connection with Charanuguria Post Office dacoity case.
89. Ramdeni Singh. Bihar, was hanged in 1932 in connection with Hajipur Station dacoity case.
90. Pradyot Bhattacharjee. , Midnapore, West Bengal, was executed in Midnapore Central Jail on Jan. 12, 1933 in connection with Douglas (district Magistrate, Midnapore) murder case.
91. Kalipada Mukherjee was executed on Feb. 16, I933 in Dacca Jail (n in connection with Kamakhya Sen, Special Magistrate murder case.
92. Mahabir Singh. , Etah District, U.P.). and died on May 17, 1933 in Andaman Cellular Jail in course of a hunger strike while resisting forced feeding.
93. Man Krishna Namadas• Mymensingh (now in Bangladesh), who resorted to hunger strike in Andaman Cellular Jail as a protest against inhuman treatment on political prisoners died on May 26, 1933 while resisting forced feeding.
94. Mohit Maitra. , Calcutta, West Bengal, Died on May 28, 1933 in Andaman Cellular Jail in course of hunger strike while resisting forced feeding.
95. Surya Sen (Mastetda). Born March 22, 1894, Chittagong, was executed in Chittagong Jail on Jan. 12, 1934 for armed uprising against the British in Chittagong; He was the Supreme Commander of the uprising.
96. Tarakeswar Dastidar; He was an active associate of Masterda Surya Sen during absconding period and was executed in Chittagong Jail., January 12, 1934 for armed revolt against the British in Chittagong.
97. . Harendranath Chakraborty. and Krishna Chowdhury, attempted to kill Europeans In Chittagong Paltan Maidan. They were executed on June 5, 1934 in Midnapore Central Jail.
98. Dinesh Majumdar Basirhat, 24-Parganas, West Bengal, shot dead Polios Commissioner Quinn of Chandannagore (French). Attempted on the life of Tegart, police Commissioner, Calcutta on 25.8.30 and being arrested for the latter event escaped from the Midnapore Central Jail and went under ground He was recaptured at Cornwallis Street, Calcutta, after a fight with the Police Party. He was executed on June 9, 1934 in Alipore Central Jail .
99. Baikuntha Sukul (Sukla). Mazaffarpur, Bihar, was executed on, May 14, 1934 in Gaya Jail for killing Phani Ghosh who betrayed the revolutionary party and turned approver in the Second Lahore Conspiracy case.
100. Manindranath Banerjee, Beneras died in Fatehgarh Jail U.P.) on June 20, 1934 after 66 days' Hunger Strike in protest against brutal treatment inside Jail. He was arrested for shooting Jiten Baneljee, S.P., who was in charge of investigation of Kakori Conspiracy case though the victim was his own maternal uncle.
101. Ashit Bhattacharjee. executed on July 2, 1934 in Sylhet Jail (now in Bangladesh) in connection with Itakhola mail dacoity case.
102. Ram Krishna Roy, ; Brojo Kishore Chakraborty and Nirmal Jiban Ghosh, were executed in Midnapore Central Jail in connection with Burge murder case. Ram Krishna Roy and Brojo Kishore Chakraborty were executed on Oct. 25, 1934 and Nirmal Jiban Ghosh on October 26, 1934.
103. Motilal Mallick. Raj Kumar, Dacca . Executed Dec. 15, 1934 in Dacca Jail in connection with Deobhog (Dacca) Shooting case.
104. Bhabani Bhattacherjee. Dacca.Tried in connection with the attack on the life of Sir John Anderson, Governor of Bengal, at Lebong race course, Darjeeling and was sentenced to death. He was executed on February 3, 1935 in Rajshahi Jail (now in Bangladesh).
105. Rohini Barua. Executed in Faridpur Jail (now in Bangladesh) on Dec. 18, 1935 on a charge of beheading a sub-Inspector of Police named Ersad Ali of Gopalganj P.S., Faridpur.
106. Haren Munshi, Died on Jan 30, 1938 in Dacca Jail while resisting forced-feeding in course of a hunger strike resorted to by repatriated Andaman prisoners convicted in Titagar Conspiracy case.
107. Sankar Mahali. was executed in Nagpur Central Jail on Jan. 19, 1943 in connection with Quit India movement.
108. Himu Kalani. a valiant fighter of the Quit India movement was executed in Sukkur Jail on Jan. 21, 1943.
REMEMBER THEM. FIGHT RESOLUTELY AGAINST FORCES THAT WORK TO DIVIDE OUR GREAT NATION. VANDE MATARAM
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( hari krishnamurthy K. HARIHARAN)"think of them as Sand paper.
They Scratch & hurt you,
but in the end you are polished and they are finished. ''
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