The Tragic Story Of Partition
One of the most important chapter in the Indian history
1. Chronology of event leading to partition:
1857
Freedom Struggle: Hindus and Muslims protested British rule in one voice and started freedom struggle. Here is when British rulers found out the way "DIVIDE AND RULE" policy as the only way out for continuation of rule. So they promoted Muslims and gave them free gift of land captured from Hindus during the said war. (40)
1885
1. Indian National Congress was formed by British Hume for support of British rule. The purpose told was social and political reforms.
2. Christianity: British sent missionaries for conversion of poor, backward, forest residents and Harijans who supported British after conversion to Christianity.
3. English education and forming elite class: Lord Mackole gave special teachings of English to qualify Indians. The 'English knowing' new class of people was formed who separated themselves from other Indians to believe them 'elite' class – superior to others. They unknowingly united themselves with English people and supported them.
1888
Anglo-Oriental-Defense Association: Theodor Beck (Principal of Aligarh College) formed this association for Muslims right protection and for getting support to British rule from Muslims.
1899
Indian National Congress at Lucknow annual meeting gave special attractions to Muslims like free tickets for conference, free food, free Muslim traditional dress and Rs. 10 daily allowance at conference to get their support against British and make them loyal to Congress.
1899
Indian National Congress at Lucknow annual meeting gave special attractions to Muslims like free tickets for conference, free food, free Muslim traditional dress and Rs. 10 daily allowance at conference to get their support against British and make them loyal to Congress.
1906
1. Viceroy Lord Minto encouraged Muslims against Hindus with the help of Nawab Mohsin-Ul-Mulk of Aligarh.
2. Monte-Minto Law for separate voters council for Muslims and Sikhs to divide them from Hindus. (51)
3. 30-December-1906 Muslim league formed at All Muslim conference held at Dhaka under leadership of Nawab Salimulla Khan and declared Aga Khan as permanent Chairman.
1915
Congress-Muslim league pact on giving separate voting right on the basis of religion to Muslim and Sikh. (71)
1920
Khilafat Movement telling Khalifa of Turkistan as the Sultan representing Allah and considered head of Islamic world.
Gandhiji agreed to support Khilafat movement and congress followed. (76)
1921
Keralite Muslims doing Mopala agitation telling "Jehad" killed 2266 people, wounded 1615, converted 20,000 Hindus to Islam and looted property worth 3 Crore rupees. (84)
1922
Indian National Conference annual meeting accepted under leadership of Chitaranjan Das accepted that Hindu-Muslim unity is impossible.
1924
Gandhiji supported Muslims for their nature of being attacker and criticized Hindus for their so called inherent cowardness.
1932
British Prime Minister MacDonald declared "Religious decision" for giving reservation on religion base and separate voters council for Muslims, Sikhs, Dalits, Christians, Europeans and Anglo-Indian showing their "DIVIDE and RULE" policy. (114)
1933
Word Pakistan was coined telling: P=Punjab, A=Afghanistan, K=Kashmir, S=Sindh and Tan=Baluchistan
1942
Kripps Mission offered conditional and partial Independence with minority having "veto" for saying "NO". It failed.
British-Muslim league and communist axis established. (164)
1943
3-March-1943: Demand for Pakistan put forward in the assembly of Sindh.
Sindh assembly gave slogan "Buy from Muslims only".
Sindh assembly banned Aryasamaji book Satya Prakash – 14. (166)
1944
9-September-1944: After 19 days dialogue between Gandhiji and Mohmad Ali Jinah, Gandhiji surrendered to him. (170)
1946
16-August-1946 Direction Action Day. Calcutta Muslim League, Chief Minister Suharawardi and Mayor Sharif Khan called "Jehad" and "Leke Rahenge Hindustan" killing 17000, wounding 15000 and making 1 lac homeless Hindus.
1947
3-June-1947: Declaration. British Government, Indian National Congress and Muslim League agreed and declared partition of India. (212)
Why partition of India took place?
1 British Government's "Divide and Rule" policy.
2 Muslim League leaders' fighting and religious policy (particularly of Aga Khan and Mohmad-Ali-Jinah).
3 Indian National Congress' wrong politics and surrender (Mahatma Gandhiji and Rajaji in particular).
One of the most important chapter in the Indian history
1. Chronology of event leading to partition:
1857
Freedom Struggle: Hindus and Muslims protested British rule in one voice and started freedom struggle. Here is when British rulers found out the way "DIVIDE AND RULE" policy as the only way out for continuation of rule. So they promoted Muslims and gave them free gift of land captured from Hindus during the said war. (40)
1885
1. Indian National Congress was formed by British Hume for support of British rule. The purpose told was social and political reforms.
2. Christianity: British sent missionaries for conversion of poor, backward, forest residents and Harijans who supported British after conversion to Christianity.
3. English education and forming elite class: Lord Mackole gave special teachings of English to qualify Indians. The 'English knowing' new class of people was formed who separated themselves from other Indians to believe them 'elite' class – superior to others. They unknowingly united themselves with English people and supported them.
1888
Anglo-Oriental-Defense Association: Theodor Beck (Principal of Aligarh College) formed this association for Muslims right protection and for getting support to British rule from Muslims.
1899
Indian National Congress at Lucknow annual meeting gave special attractions to Muslims like free tickets for conference, free food, free Muslim traditional dress and Rs. 10 daily allowance at conference to get their support against British and make them loyal to Congress.
1899
Indian National Congress at Lucknow annual meeting gave special attractions to Muslims like free tickets for conference, free food, free Muslim traditional dress and Rs. 10 daily allowance at conference to get their support against British and make them loyal to Congress.
1906
1. Viceroy Lord Minto encouraged Muslims against Hindus with the help of Nawab Mohsin-Ul-Mulk of Aligarh.
2. Monte-Minto Law for separate voters council for Muslims and Sikhs to divide them from Hindus. (51)
3. 30-December-1906 Muslim league formed at All Muslim conference held at Dhaka under leadership of Nawab Salimulla Khan and declared Aga Khan as permanent Chairman.
1915
Congress-Muslim league pact on giving separate voting right on the basis of religion to Muslim and Sikh. (71)
1920
Khilafat Movement telling Khalifa of Turkistan as the Sultan representing Allah and considered head of Islamic world.
Gandhiji agreed to support Khilafat movement and congress followed. (76)
1921
Keralite Muslims doing Mopala agitation telling "Jehad" killed 2266 people, wounded 1615, converted 20,000 Hindus to Islam and looted property worth 3 Crore rupees. (84)
1922
Indian National Conference annual meeting accepted under leadership of Chitaranjan Das accepted that Hindu-Muslim unity is impossible.
1924
Gandhiji supported Muslims for their nature of being attacker and criticized Hindus for their so called inherent cowardness.
1932
British Prime Minister MacDonald declared "Religious decision" for giving reservation on religion base and separate voters council for Muslims, Sikhs, Dalits, Christians, Europeans and Anglo-Indian showing their "DIVIDE and RULE" policy. (114)
1933
Word Pakistan was coined telling: P=Punjab, A=Afghanistan, K=Kashmir, S=Sindh and Tan=Baluchistan
1942
Kripps Mission offered conditional and partial Independence with minority having "veto" for saying "NO". It failed.
British-Muslim league and communist axis established. (164)
1943
3-March-1943: Demand for Pakistan put forward in the assembly of Sindh.
Sindh assembly gave slogan "Buy from Muslims only".
Sindh assembly banned Aryasamaji book Satya Prakash – 14. (166)
1944
9-September-1944: After 19 days dialogue between Gandhiji and Mohmad Ali Jinah, Gandhiji surrendered to him. (170)
1946
16-August-1946 Direction Action Day. Calcutta Muslim League, Chief Minister Suharawardi and Mayor Sharif Khan called "Jehad" and "Leke Rahenge Hindustan" killing 17000, wounding 15000 and making 1 lac homeless Hindus.
1947
3-June-1947: Declaration. British Government, Indian National Congress and Muslim League agreed and declared partition of India. (212)
Why partition of India took place?
1 British Government's "Divide and Rule" policy.
2 Muslim League leaders' fighting and religious policy (particularly of Aga Khan and Mohmad-Ali-Jinah).
3 Indian National Congress' wrong politics and surrender (Mahatma Gandhiji and Rajaji in particular).
IT IS SAD THAT AFTER INDEPENDENCE SUCCESSIVE CONGRESS AND OTHER GOVERNMENTS ENCOURAGED THIS POLICY OF DIVIDE AND RULE, APPEASEMENT OF MUSLIMS AND INSTIGATING THEM AGAINST HINDUS FOR THEIR VOTE BANK POLITICS. WE CAN DEVELOP AS A NATION ONLY IF WE FORGET RELIGION, CASTE, CREED, REGION AND STAND UNITED AS INDIANS AND WORK WITH SOLIDARITY AND SINCERITY TO MAKE THIS NATION THE BEST IN THE WORLD. WE SHOULD NOT SUCCUMB TO PRESSURES FROM ANY QUARTERS BOTH INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL. UNITED WE STAND WE CAN CONQUER And overcome all odds and emerge victors.
happy independence day to all. vande mataram, jai hind, bharat mata ki jai
परोपकाराय फलन्ति वृक्षा: परोपकाराय वहन्ति नद्यः।
परोपकाराय दुहन्ति गावः परोपकाराय इदं शरीरम्।।
( hari krishnamurthy K. HARIHARAN)"'' When people hurt you Over and Over
think of them as Sand paper.
They Scratch & hurt you,
but in the end you are polished and they are finished. ''
think of them as Sand paper.
They Scratch & hurt you,
but in the end you are polished and they are finished. ''
யாம் பெற்ற இன்பம் பெருக வையகம்
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